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A factorial experiment, in the form of completely randomized design with two factors, was conducted in four replicates to investigate the effects of silica nanoparticles (nanoparticle-SiO2) and calcium chelate (Ca-chelate) on gerb...
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A factorial experiment, in the form of completely randomized design with two factors, was conducted in four replicates to investigate the effects of silica nanoparticles (nanoparticle-SiO2) and calcium chelate (Ca-chelate) on gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.). The first factor was nanoparticle-SiO2 concentration in nutrient solution (at four levels of 0, 20, 40 and 80 mg L-1) and the second factor was Ca-chelate concentration in nutrient solution (at four levels of 0, 60, 120 and 240 mg L-1). Number of leaves, number of flowers, number of flower buds and aborted flower buds, time of flowering, flower vase life, flower color, percentages of ash and lignin in stem, petal protein, as well as the amounts of silica and calcium in stem, leaf and root were measured. Compared to control, the treatment of 80 mg L-1 of nanoparticle-SiO2 with 60 mg L-1 of Ca-chelate increased the number of flowers by 182%. Moreover, applying 60 mg L-1 of Ca-chelate and 20 mg L-1 of nanoparticle-SiO2 led to flowers with 1.5 times higher longevity and 27% increase in flowering rate. The highest flower bud numbers and the lowest bud abortion were obtained in the treatment with 80 mg L-1 of nanoparticle-SiO2 and 60 mg L-1 of Ca-chelate. The highest concentration of calcium in stem, leaf and root as well as the highest amount of protein, pigment intensity and degree of transparency were observed in the treatment with 240 mg L-1 of Ca-chelate and 80 mg L-1 of nanoparticle-SiO2.
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A measuring system was constructed to measure respiration rate, transpiration rate arid wateruptake rare of intact cut flowers in order to explain respiratory metabolism and water balanceduring senescence. The system assured both ...
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A measuring system was constructed to measure respiration rate, transpiration rate arid wateruptake rare of intact cut flowers in order to explain respiratory metabolism and water balanceduring senescence. The system assured both constanttemperature and constant relative humidity. Respiratory metabolism and water balance of two cultivars of cut carnation flowers, each of which shows different senescence process, were measured with the system. From the results, a full understanding wasgained for the change in physiological state if each cultivar after consideration of mutual relationship between respiratory metabolism and water balance. Especially for the cultivar exhibiting climacteric behavior, physiological change in cells relatingto wilting was sufficiently estimated from the macroscopic investigation in this study.
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Tomato yields and quality can be improved by the removal of some leaves attached to the tomato vine. The optimal degree of leaf removal varies based on environmental conditions, such as seasons. We investigated removal methods tha...
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Tomato yields and quality can be improved by the removal of some leaves attached to the tomato vine. The optimal degree of leaf removal varies based on environmental conditions, such as seasons. We investigated removal methods that are easily applicable to tomato cultivation during summer and winter harvesting periods. In the hot season experiment, four methods of leaf removal were tested: removal of all leaves more than 14 from the growing tip (Leaf-14), removal of leaves until only one leaf remained above the truss where harvesting begins (Start-H), removal of all leaves below the truss 7 weeks after flowers bloomed (7-Weeks), and removal of all leaves below the truss where harvesting was completed (End-H). Leaf removal did not affect the flowering rates very much, but influenced the harvest rates and yields greatly. The desirable harvest rate was 6-7 days per truss. Total yields decreased following leaf removal when the harvest rate was fast (3-4 days per truss). Thus, leaves must not be removed if the harvest rate is fast. The Start-H method was the optimal leaf removal method. The 7-Weeks method had results similar to those of Start-H, but its application was inconvenient. In the winter experiment, only three of the methods of leaf removal were tested: Leaf-14, Start-H, and End-H. Similar to the hot season experiment, the Start-H treatment had the best results in respect to yield and harvest rates. Therefore, the optimal leaf removal method is to remove all leaves until only one leaf remains above the truss where harvesting begins during either the hot or winter season.
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In invasion ecology, potential impacts of aliens on native flora are still under debate. Our aim was to determine the pollinator mediated effects of both proximity and abundance of an alien species on the reproductive success of n...
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In invasion ecology, potential impacts of aliens on native flora are still under debate. Our aim was to determine the pollinator mediated effects of both proximity and abundance of an alien species on the reproductive success of natives. We chose the highly invasive Impatiens glandulifera and two native species: Epilobium angustifolium and Aconitum napellus ssp. lusitanicum. These species share characteristics allowing for pollination interactions: similar biotopes, overlapping flowering periods and same main pollinators. The effects of abundance 5, 25 and 100 individuals and proximity 0 and 15 m of the alien on visitation rate, insect behaviour, pollen deposition and reproductive success of both natives were investigated during 2 flowering seasons. We used centred visitation rates as they can be directly interpreted as a positive or negative effect of the invasive.Both abundance and proximity of the alien increased bumblebee visitation rates to both natives. On the other hand, abundance of the exotic species had a slight negative effect on honeybee visits to natives while its proximity had no effect. The behaviour of bumblebees changed as visitors left significantly more often the native plants for I. glandulifera when its abundance increased. As a consequence of this “inconstancy”, bees deposited considerable quantities of alien pollen on native stigmas. Nevertheless, this interspecific pollen transfer did not decrease seed set in natives. Self-compatibility and high attractiveness of both native species probably alleviate the risk of altered pollinator services and reproductive success due to the invader in natural populations.
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A field experiment was conducted during winter season of November 2004 to March 2005 to find out effect of nitrogen and phosphorus doses on the performance of China aster cv. Poornima, under Western Uttar Pradesh conditions. three...
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A field experiment was conducted during winter season of November 2004 to March 2005 to find out effect of nitrogen and phosphorus doses on the performance of China aster cv. Poornima, under Western Uttar Pradesh conditions. three levels, each of nitrogen (100,200 and 300 Kg/ha) and phosphorus (100,150 and 200 Kg/ha) and a control were tested in Factorial R.B.D. with three replications. Application of nitrogen and phosphorus at their higher levels, i.e. 300 Kg N and 200 Kg P2O5, respectively, resulted in the tallest plant, maximum number of leaves, branches and flowers, thickest stem, largest sized flower, longest flowering duration, maximum fresh and dry weight of flower and the highest yield of flowers.
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An experiment was conducted under polyhouse conditions in Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India to evaluate the effect of different NPK levels (50:50:50, 50:50:100, 50:100:50: 50:100:100, 100:50:50, 100:50:100, 100:100:50 and 100:100:100 kg/ha)...
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An experiment was conducted under polyhouse conditions in Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India to evaluate the effect of different NPK levels (50:50:50, 50:50:100, 50:100:50: 50:100:100, 100:50:50, 100:50:100, 100:100:50 and 100:100:100 kg/ha) on the vegetative and flowering characteristics of gladiolus cv. Eurovision. NPK at 100:100:100 kg/ha recorded the highest values for plant height (106.3 cm), number of florets per spike (13) and spike length (58.4 cm). The untreated control recorded the lowest values for these parameters..
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Asiatic hybrid lilies, Lilium c elegans Thunb., Red Carpet' and Sunray' were used to investigate the effect of bulb vernalization at 2.5pC on plant growth, flowering, and CO production (respiration), and to use the CO production p...
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Asiatic hybrid lilies, Lilium c elegans Thunb., Red Carpet' and Sunray' were used to investigate the effect of bulb vernalization at 2.5pC on plant growth, flowering, and CO production (respiration), and to use the CO production pattern to monitor the time of flower bud initiation and development. Lily shoot emergence and flowering were accelerated when bulbs received 2.5pC bulb vernalization; however, flowering was delayed when bulbs were stored at 20pC before treatment at 2.5pC; this indicated that bulbs were de-vernalized. The maximum CO level, and the minimum level, reached in 78h in non-vernalized bulbs and in 110h in 6 weeks of 2.5pC (6 weeks/2.5pC) treated bulbs, was increased as the 2.5pC duration was increased; this indicated that CO level can be an useful parameter to measure the cold stimulus (i) accumulated in bulbs following bulb vernalization. The respiration rate higher than the predicted values of the best-fit curves derived from the quadratic equations was designated as Blip A and this was correlated to the time of flower bud initiation and development. Shoot elongation may follow the rise in carbon dioxide levels after reaching the minimum level. It is proposed that increased carbon dioxide levels higher than the predicted levels (Blip A), was correlated to the time of flower bud initiation and development. Measurement of carbon dioxide production upon receipt of bulbs may be a useful technique to provide important information for optimum vernalization treatments for bulbs that have accumulated different levels of low temperature stimulus after bulb vernalization.
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Asiatic hybrid lilies, Lilium c elegans Thunb., Red Carpet' and Sunray' were used to investigate the effect of bulb vernalization at 2.5pC on plant growth, flowering, and CO production (respiration), and to use the CO production p...
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Asiatic hybrid lilies, Lilium c elegans Thunb., Red Carpet' and Sunray' were used to investigate the effect of bulb vernalization at 2.5pC on plant growth, flowering, and CO production (respiration), and to use the CO production pattern to monitor the time of flower bud initiation and development. Lily shoot emergence and flowering were accelerated when bulbs received 2.5pC bulb vernalization; however, flowering was delayed when bulbs were stored at 20pC before treatment at 2.5pC; this indicated that bulbs were de-vernalized. The maximum CO level, and the minimum level, reached in 78h in non-vernalized bulbs and in 110h in 6 weeks of 2.5pC (6 weeks/2.5pC) treated bulbs, was increased as the 2.5pC duration was increased; this indicated that CO level can be an useful parameter to measure the cold stimulus (i) accumulated in bulbs following bulb vernalization. The respiration rate higher than the predicted values of the best-fit curves derived from the quadratic equations was designated as Blip A and this was correlated to the time of flower bud initiation and development. Shoot elongation may follow the rise in carbon dioxide levels after reaching the minimum level. It is proposed that increased carbon dioxide levels higher than the predicted levels (Blip A), was correlated to the time of flower bud initiation and development. Measurement of carbon dioxide production upon receipt of bulbs may be a useful technique to provide important information for optimum vernalization treatments for bulbs that have accumulated different levels of low temperature stimulus after bulb vernalization.
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Impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization rate on the growth of 'Cloud 9' and 'Cherokee Chief' flowering dogwood was assessed in a field planting from February 2001 until January 2006 in Southwest Alabama (USDA Zone 8a). Starting at pl...
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Impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization rate on the growth of 'Cloud 9' and 'Cherokee Chief' flowering dogwood was assessed in a field planting from February 2001 until January 2006 in Southwest Alabama (USDA Zone 8a). Starting at planting in 2001 and ending in 2005, ammonium nitrate was broadcast in a 0.3 m(2) circle around the base of each tree at 4.1, 8.3, 16.5, 33.0 and 66.0 g N.m(-2) (37.5, 75, 150, 300, 600 lb N.A(-1)) with the application of half of each N-rate in April and June of each year. In each year, disease control was maintained with approximately six applications of Heritage 50W fungicide made at 2-week intervals. Trunk diameter and tree height were recorded in early-winter from 2001 through 2006, flower bud counts were taken annually from 2003 to 2006. With the exception of 2004 when N rate had not influence on bud formation, highest flower bud counts were associated with elevated rates of 33 and 66 g N.m(-2) (300 and 600 lb.N-2). Nitrogen rate had no influence on the height or trunk diameter of flowering dogwood until three and four years, respectively, after planting. Impact of N rates below 66.0 g N.m(-2) (600 lb.A(-1)) per year on tree height was minimal. In 2005 and 2006, trunk diameter was greater for trees receiving the two highest than the two lowest N rates. Regression analysis was used to calculate optimum N rate for flower bud set, as well as change in trunk diameter and tree height.
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